2D images of reconstructions
![A stack of reconstruction pila of the Legio I Italica group at Hadrian's Wall Live 2015. Image: MCB Stack of pila,with butts stuck in the ground and leaned against each other.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/21163086588_345ac38b24_o-rotated/2379426458.jpg)
A stack of reconstruction pila of the Legio I Italica group at Hadrian's Wall Live 2015. Image: MCB
Pila
![Pompeii-type spatha reconstruction (Ermine Street Guard). Image: MCB (CC BY-SA 4.0) Parallel-edged Pompeii-type spatha and scabbard](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/42618926331_eacf663f28_o/3806677583.jpg)
Pompeii-type spatha reconstruction (Ermine Street Guard). Image: MCB (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Spatha and scabbard
![Pompeii-type spatha reconstruction (Ermine Street Guard). Image: MCB (CC BY-SA 4.0) Parallel-edged Pompeii-type spatha and scabbard](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/41900653534_b1c304f61e_o/1957131748.jpg)
Pompeii-type spatha reconstruction (Ermine Street Guard). Image: MCB (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Spatha and scabbard
![Fulham Mainz-type gladius of the the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB (CC BY-SA 4.0) Sword and sheath of the Mainz type](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/31725110161_4f656001cb_o/1628412870.jpg)
Fulham Mainz-type gladius of the the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Mainz-type sword and scabbard
![Pompeii-type gladius of the the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB (CC BY-SA 4.0) Sword and sheath of the Pompeii type (with parallel edges and a short point)](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/31725110151_6e2cba4dd8_o/4261187122.jpg)
Pompeii-type gladius of the the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Pompeii-type sword and scabbard
![Reconstructed (by the Ermine Street Guard) dagger and scabbard, based on an amalgam of more than one design. Image: MCB On the left, a reconstructed dagger, and on the right, a reconstructed dagger scabbard with silver and red enamel inlay.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/40811229740_67a0951673_o/991660640.jpg)
Reconstructed (by the Ermine Street Guard) dagger and scabbard, based on an amalgam of more than one design. Image: MCB
Dagger
![Left a reproduction tinned baldric phalera with the word OPTIME MAXIME CON(SERVA) in openwork around an eagle with wings stooped and head turned to right; on the right a rectangular baldric plate with the openwork words NUMERUM OMNIUM (with Us as Vs) and, hinged to it, a heart-shaped pendant with the word MILITANTIUM, both tinned. Motto means something like 'Best and Greatest, protect the whole unit in service'. Image: MCB Tinned openwork baldric fittings consisting of a phalera and a hinged terminal plate and pendant.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/51268641177_142db6c42b_o/2335267526.jpg)
Left a reproduction tinned baldric phalera with the word OPTIME MAXIME CON(SERVA) in openwork around an eagle with wings stooped and head turned to right; on the right a rectangular baldric plate with the openwork words NUMERUM OMNIUM (with Us as Vs) and, hinged to it, a heart-shaped pendant with the word MILITANTIUM, both tinned. Motto means something like 'Best and Greatest, protect the whole unit in service'. Image: MCB
Baldric fittings
![Reconstructed double-ended stakes, bows, shield, and various tools displayed at Kleinkastell Pohl. Image: MCB Reconstructed equipment displayed in a reconstructed barrack room.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/8755835816_5c0bc636ea_o-rotated/918702590.jpg)
Reconstructed double-ended stakes, bows, shield, and various tools displayed at Kleinkastell Pohl. Image: MCB
Various pieces of equipment
![Schramm's reconstruction of the Ampurias catapult, now in the Saalburg Museum. Image: SBA73 Replica of a wooden bolt-shooting torsion weapon with ferrous and copper-alloy components mounted on a stand.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/1280px-Ancient_Mechanical_Artillery__Pic_02/2526967428.jpg)
Schramm's reconstruction of the Ampurias catapult, now in the Saalburg Museum. Image: SBA73
Artillery
![Curved rectangular shield resting on the ground beside a pilum with a helmet placed over the shield boss. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB Red legionary shield with yellow blazons (wings and thunderbolt motifs) resting on the grass next to a pilum with a brass helmet placed on it.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/7813867916_9890799a06_o-rotated/3217778533.jpg)
Curved rectangular shield resting on the ground beside a pilum with a helmet placed over the shield boss. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB
Shield and helmet
![Reconstruction of a curved rectangular shield, based on the Dura-Europos original, created by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB A side and front view of a curved rectangular plywood shield painted red with a yellow blazon of wings and thunderbolts. There is a central ferrous boss.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/curved-reproduction-scutum/1985903782.jpg)
Reconstruction of a curved rectangular shield, based on the Dura-Europos original, created by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB
Shield
![A leather shield cover reconstruction of the Legio I Italica group at Hadrian's Wall Live 2015. Image: MCB A curved oval shield leaned against a wall with a leather cover fitted to it, with patches for the boss and name plate.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/20591890403_db896a88d1_o-rotated/2643075074.jpg)
A leather shield cover reconstruction of the Legio I Italica group at Hadrian's Wall Live 2015. Image: MCB
Shield cover
![Reconstructed mail shirt with central double-S-shaped fastener in the centre. Image: Álvaro Pérez Vilariño Mail short hanging up on a wooden cross against a red background.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/mail-recon/3461852399.jpg)
Reconstructed mail shirt with central double-S-shaped fastener in the centre. Image: Álvaro Pérez Vilariño
Mail shirt
![Early 20th-century lorica segmentata reconstruction in the Museo della Civiltà Romana. Based on depictions on the helical frieze of Trajan's Column, it incorporates elements based on those discovered by von Groller at carnuntum. Image: MCB Early reconstruction attempt of lorica segmentata.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/EUR-lorica-seg/2703600115.jpg)
Early 20th-century lorica segmentata reconstruction in the Museo della Civiltà Romana. Based on depictions on the helical frieze of Trajan's Column, it incorporates elements based on those discovered by von Groller at carnuntum. Image: MCB
Lorica segmentata front view
![Complete Corbridge type B/C lorica segmentata viewed from the front. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB Armour formed from steel strips with brass fittings displayed on a red tunic.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/reconfront/1009218930.jpg)
Complete Corbridge type B/C lorica segmentata viewed from the front. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB
Lorica segmentata front view
![Complete Corbridge type B/C lorica segmentata viewed from the rear. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB Armour formed from steel strips with brass fittings displayed on a red tunic.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/reconback/3628495363.jpg)
Complete Corbridge type B/C lorica segmentata viewed from the rear. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB
Lorica segmentata rear view
![Top view of collapsed lorica segmentata showing the four principal interleaved components. This was how cuirass elements were stored in the Corbridge Hoard. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB Set of lorica segmentata collapsed and interleaved.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/stored2/3807113965.jpg)
Top view of collapsed lorica segmentata showing the four principal interleaved components. This was how cuirass elements were stored in the Corbridge Hoard. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB
Collapsed lorica sementata
![Top view of the lower half of lorica segmentata showing the internal leathering sagging. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB Interior view showing overlapping plates joined by leather straps secured by rivets and roves.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/girthhoopsstanding/3924415757.jpg)
Top view of the lower half of lorica segmentata showing the internal leathering sagging. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB
Lorica segmentata girth hoops
![Interior view of a an upper quadrant of lorica segmentata showing the internal leathering. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB Interior view showing overlapping plates joined by leather straps secured by rivets and roves.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/insidofeshoulder/3207463025.jpg)
Interior view of a an upper quadrant of lorica segmentata showing the internal leathering. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB
Lorica segmentata girth hoops
![Detail of the lobate hinges and decorated washer around rivets on an upper shoulderguard of a Corbridge type B/C cuirass. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB Close-up showing brass fittings on steel plate.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/uppersgrecon/2584990576.jpg)
Detail of the lobate hinges and decorated washer around rivets on an upper shoulderguard of a Corbridge type B/C cuirass. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB
Lorica segmentata upper shoulderguard
![Detail of the horizontal hinged buckle and vertical fastener of a Corbridge type B/C cuirass. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB Close-up showing brass fittings on steel plate.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/fastener/4218261143.jpg)
Detail of the horizontal hinged buckle and vertical fastener of a Corbridge type B/C cuirass. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB
Lorica segmentata fasteners
![Reconstruction of the Newstead brass armguard made by Peter Connolly. Image: MCB (CC BY-SA 4.0) Brass laminated armguard](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/Newstead-armguard-reconstruction-scaled/177607379.jpg)
Reconstruction of the Newstead brass armguard made by Peter Connolly. Image: MCB (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Armguard
![Replica ferrous Niederbieber-type helmet with copper-alloy edging, brow band, brow guard, ear guards, and cross-pieces. 3rd century. Image: Einsamer Schütze Front view of a ferrous Niderbieber-type helmet with brass fittings.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/969px-Niederbieber_Helm_Replik/188960544.jpg)
Replica ferrous Niederbieber-type helmet with copper-alloy edging, brow band, brow guard, ear guards, and cross-pieces. 3rd century. Image: Einsamer Schütze
Helmet
![Cavalry 'sports' helmet from Nijmegen with woven 'hair net'. Image: Museum het Valkhof (Public Domain Mark 1.0 Side view of a cavalry face-mask helmet with a silvered face mask and a woven covering over the helmet bowl.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/museumhetvalkhof_2012_121/826117849.jpg)
Cavalry 'sports' helmet from Nijmegen with woven 'hair net'. Image: Museum het Valkhof (Public Domain Mark 1.0
Helmet
![Double-ended wooden stakes lashed together in threes as obstacles to form large caltrops. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB Four sets of three stakes with points at either end lashed together.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/7813860700_947a23cf76_o-rotated/3726599958.jpg)
Double-ended wooden stakes lashed together in threes as obstacles to form large caltrops. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB
Wooden obstacles
![Pairs of double-ended wooden stakes lashed together to form a palisade and ditch obstacles. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB Pairs of stakes with points at either end lashed together as obstacles.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/12605125724_6a1003c5b8_o/2753139407.jpg)
Pairs of double-ended wooden stakes lashed together to form a palisade and ditch obstacles. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB
Wooden obstacles
![Replica ring junction from horse harness, with four junction loops attached. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB Harness fittings of tinned copper alloy for a ring junction, consisting of a ring with four strap loops attached, each attached to a leather harness strap.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/7813872164_d663512618_o/527024875.jpg)
Replica ring junction from horse harness, with four junction loops attached. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB
Ring junction
![Replica phalera junction from horse harness, with two junction loops attached, a horizontal strap on a strap slide, and a hinged pendant. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB A central silvered phalera has two straps on loops towards the top, a leather strap horizontally, and a trefoil pendant beneath.](https://romanmilitaryequipment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/cache/2023/02/7813872576_87107e4f75_o-rotated/2823071696.jpg)
Replica phalera junction from horse harness, with two junction loops attached, a horizontal strap on a strap slide, and a hinged pendant. Reconstructed by the Ermine Street Guard. Image: MCB
Phalera junction